@font-face {
  font-family: "Source Serif 4";
  src: url("fonts/source-serif-4-latin.woff2") format("woff2");
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400 700;
  font-display: swap;
}

@font-face {
  font-family: "JetBrains Mono";
  src: url("fonts/jetbrains-mono-latin.woff2") format("woff2");
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400 700;
  font-display: swap;
}

@font-face {
  font-family: "WenQuanYi Micro Hei";
  src: url("fonts/wqy-microhei.ttc") format("truetype");
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-display: swap;
}

:root {
  --paper: #ffffff;
  --figure: #f7f8f7;
  --ink: rgba(12, 12, 12, 0.90);
  --ink-soft: rgba(12, 12, 12, 0.68);
  --muted: rgba(12, 12, 12, 0.52);
  --hairline: rgba(12, 12, 12, 0.15);
  --hairline-strong: rgba(12, 12, 12, 0.24);
  --green: #447c56;
  --green-soft: #e5eee6;
  --rust: #996653;
  --rust-soft: #f1e8e3;
  --blue: #3d6470;
  --blue-soft: #e5ecee;
  --serif: "Source Serif 4", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --mono: "JetBrains Mono", ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, monospace;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

html[lang="zh-CN"] {
  --serif: "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;
  --mono: "JetBrains Mono", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", monospace;
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body { margin: 0; color: var(--ink); background: var(--paper); }
button, input { font: inherit; letter-spacing: 0; }
a { color: inherit; }
code { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.88em; }
img, video, svg { display: block; max-width: 100%; }
figure { min-width: 0; margin: 0; }

.language-switch { position: fixed; z-index: 20; top: 20px; right: 24px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; width: 104px; height: 34px; border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72); border-radius: 4px; background: rgba(12, 12, 12, 0.88); }
.language-switch a { display: grid; place-items: center; min-width: 0; color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72); font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10px; text-decoration: none; }
.language-switch a + a { border-left: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.32); }
.language-switch a[aria-current="page"] { color: #171917; background: #fff; }
html[lang="zh-CN"] .article-title-block h1 { font-size: 45px; line-height: 1.2; }
html[lang="zh-CN"] .paper-section p { line-height: 1.75; }

.article-hero {
  position: relative;
  height: 100svh;
  min-height: 640px;
  overflow: hidden;
  color: #fff;
  background: #0c0c0c;
}

.article-hero__sticky { position: relative; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; }
.article-hero__video { position: absolute; inset: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: center; }
.scroll-cue {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 2;
  bottom: 28px;
  left: 50%;
  color: #fff;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
}
.scroll-cue::after { content: ""; display: block; width: 2px; height: 24px; margin: 10px auto 0; background: #fff; }

.article-body { padding: 72px 48px 104px; background: var(--paper); scroll-margin-top: 0; }
.article-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 965px); justify-content: center; width: min(1720px, 100%); margin: 0 auto; }
.article-shell { grid-column: 1; width: min(965px, 100%); min-width: 0; margin: 0 auto; }
.article-outline, .article-margin { display: none; }

.article-title-block { margin: 0 0 62px; padding: 0 0 34px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong); }
.article-kicker, .section-number, .figure-label {
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  color: var(--green);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.4;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.article-title-block h1 { max-width: 950px; margin: 0; font-size: 48px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.06; text-wrap: balance; }
.article-deck { max-width: 890px; margin: 24px 0 0; color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.55; }
.article-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; margin-top: 22px; }
.article-links a { padding: 7px 14px; border: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong); border-radius: 8px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 500; text-decoration: none; }
.article-links a:hover, .article-links a:focus-visible { border-color: var(--ink); background: rgba(12, 12, 12, 0.04); outline: none; }

.paper-section { padding: 0 0 74px; scroll-margin-top: 24px; }
.paper-section + .paper-section { padding-top: 62px; border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline); }
.paper-section h2 { margin: 0 0 30px; font-size: 36px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.1; }
.paper-section h3 { margin: 42px 0 12px; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.2; }
.paper-section p { margin: 19px 0 0; color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; }
.paper-section strong { color: var(--ink); }
.section-number { margin-bottom: 10px; color: var(--rust); }
.sidenote-row { position: relative; }

.article-sidenote { width: 100%; margin: 24px 0 0; padding: 16px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline); }
.article-sidenote strong { display: block; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.15; }
.article-sidenote p { margin: 7px 0 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42; }

.headline-facts { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); margin-top: 42px; border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong); }
.headline-facts p { min-height: 100px; margin: 0; padding: 18px 18px 17px; border-right: 1px solid var(--hairline); }
.headline-facts p:first-child { padding-left: 0; }
.headline-facts p:last-child { border-right: 0; }
.headline-facts span { display: block; min-height: 30px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3; }
.headline-facts strong { display: block; margin-top: 8px; font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 21px; font-weight: 500; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.data-status { min-height: 22px; margin-top: 12px !important; color: var(--rust) !important; font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 11px !important; line-height: 1.4 !important; }

.demo-figure { margin-top: 38px; }
.demo-figure video { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; object-fit: contain; border: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong); background: #0f1210; }
.demo-figure figcaption { margin-top: 13px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.45; }
.demo-claims { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); margin-top: 34px; border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong); }
.demo-claims p { min-height: 116px; margin: 0; padding: 19px 20px; border-right: 1px solid var(--hairline); }
.demo-claims p:first-child { padding-left: 0; }
.demo-claims p:last-child { border-right: 0; }
.demo-claims span, .demo-claims small { display: block; color: var(--muted); font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4; }
.demo-claims strong { display: block; margin: 10px 0 8px; font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 18px; font-weight: 500; }
.demo-rollout-grid { gap: 32px 22px; }
.demo-rollout-grid .case-media video { aspect-ratio: 4 / 3; object-fit: contain; }
.demo-rollout-grid .trace-open { bottom: 50px; }
.before-after-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 24px; margin-top: 24px; }
.before-after-grid .case-media video { aspect-ratio: 1; object-fit: contain; }
.before-after-grid .trace-open { bottom: 50px; }
.case-figure--failure .case-media { border-color: var(--rust); }
.case-figure--failure figcaption span { color: var(--rust); }

.system-figure { margin-top: 42px; padding: 28px; border: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong); background: var(--figure); }
.figure-label { margin-bottom: 16px; color: var(--muted); }
.role-flow { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 44px 1fr 44px 1fr; align-items: center; }
.role-flow > div { min-height: 120px; padding: 20px; border: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong); }
.role-flow > div:nth-of-type(2) { border-top: 3px solid var(--green); }
.role-flow > div:nth-of-type(3) { border-top: 3px solid var(--rust); }
.role-flow > b { color: var(--muted); text-align: center; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 400; }
.role-flow span, .execution-rail > span { display: block; color: var(--muted); font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10px; }
.role-flow strong { display: block; margin-top: 13px; font-size: 22px; font-weight: 500; }
.role-flow small { display: block; margin-top: 7px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.35; }
.execution-rail { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); margin-top: 16px; border: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong); }
.execution-rail > span { min-height: 72px; padding: 14px 16px; border-right: 1px solid var(--hairline); line-height: 1.35; }
.execution-rail > span:last-child { border-right: 0; background: var(--green-soft); }
.execution-rail strong { display: block; margin-top: 5px; color: var(--ink); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 500; }
.host-verdict { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 230px 220px 1fr; align-items: center; min-height: 75px; margin-top: 16px; padding: 0 20px; color: #fff; background: #171917; }
.host-verdict span { color: #a9cdb8; font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10px; }
.host-verdict strong { color: #fff; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 500; }
.host-verdict small { color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.68); font-size: 12px; }
.system-figure figcaption, .paper-figure figcaption, .case-figure figcaption { margin-top: 14px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.45; }

.case-study-list { display: grid; gap: 42px; margin-top: 38px; }
.case-figure { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.55fr) minmax(220px, 0.65fr); gap: 24px; align-items: end; }
.case-figure--reverse { grid-template-columns: minmax(220px, 0.65fr) minmax(0, 1.55fr); }
.case-figure--reverse .case-media { grid-column: 2; }
.case-figure--reverse figcaption { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1; }
.case-media { position: relative; min-width: 0; overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong); background: #151615; }
.case-media video { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 1; object-fit: cover; }
.trace-open { position: absolute; right: 10px; bottom: 10px; min-width: 58px; height: 32px; padding: 0 12px; color: #fff; border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.76); border-radius: 4px; background: rgba(12, 12, 12, 0.78); cursor: pointer; font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10px; }
.trace-open:hover, .trace-open:focus-visible { background: #0c0c0c; outline: 2px solid #fff; outline-offset: -4px; }
.case-figure figcaption { margin: 0; padding-bottom: 4px; }
.case-figure figcaption span { display: block; color: var(--green); font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10px; font-weight: 600; text-transform: uppercase; }
.case-figure figcaption strong { display: block; margin-top: 9px; font-size: 21px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.2; }
.case-figure figcaption small { display: block; margin-top: 10px; color: var(--muted); font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; }
.compact-cases { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 34px 24px; }
.compact-cases .case-figure, .compact-cases .case-figure--reverse { display: block; }
.compact-cases .case-media, .compact-cases .case-figure--reverse .case-media { grid-column: auto; }
.compact-cases .case-figure figcaption { margin-top: 14px; }

.result-equation { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 44px 1fr 1fr; align-items: stretch; margin-top: 42px; border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong); }
.result-equation > div { min-width: 0; min-height: 115px; padding: 20px; border-right: 1px solid var(--hairline); }
.result-equation > div:first-child { padding-left: 0; }
.result-equation > div:last-child { border-right: 0; }
.result-equation > b { align-self: center; color: var(--muted); text-align: center; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 400; }
.result-equation span, .result-equation small { display: block; color: var(--muted); font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.4; }
.result-equation strong { display: block; margin: 14px 0 8px; font-size: 29px; font-weight: 500; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; white-space: nowrap; }
.result-equation > div:nth-of-type(2) strong { color: var(--green); }
.result-equation .result-gain strong, .result-equation .result-gain small { color: var(--rust); }
.paper-figure { margin-top: 52px; }
.paper-figure img { width: 100%; border: 1px solid var(--hairline); background: var(--figure); }
.dynamics-claims, .robotwin-facts { display: grid; margin-top: 38px; border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong); }
.dynamics-claims { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
.robotwin-facts { grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
.dynamics-claims p, .robotwin-facts p { min-height: 110px; margin: 0; padding: 20px; border-right: 1px solid var(--hairline); }
.dynamics-claims p:first-child, .robotwin-facts p:first-child { padding-left: 0; }
.dynamics-claims p:last-child, .robotwin-facts p:last-child { border-right: 0; }
.dynamics-claims span, .dynamics-claims small, .robotwin-facts span, .robotwin-facts small { display: block; color: var(--muted); font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.35; }
.dynamics-claims strong, .robotwin-facts strong { display: block; margin: 9px 0 7px; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.2; }
.robotwin-cases { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 24px; }
.robotwin-cases .case-media video { aspect-ratio: 4 / 3; }
.measure-list { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); margin-top: 42px; border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong); }
.measure-list p { min-height: 108px; margin: 0; padding: 20px; border-right: 1px solid var(--hairline); }
.measure-list p:first-child { padding-left: 0; }
.measure-list p:last-child { border-right: 0; }
.measure-list span, .measure-list small { display: block; color: var(--muted); font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.35; }
.measure-list strong { display: block; margin: 9px 0 7px; font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 20px; font-weight: 500; }
.release-timeline { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); margin-top: 18px; border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong); }
.release-timeline article { min-width: 0; min-height: 190px; padding: 20px; border-right: 1px solid var(--hairline); }
.release-timeline article:first-child { padding-left: 0; }
.release-timeline article:last-child { border-right: 0; }
.release-timeline article > span { display: block; min-height: 32px; color: var(--muted); font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 9px; line-height: 1.4; text-transform: uppercase; }
.release-timeline article > strong { display: block; margin: 10px 0 4px; color: var(--green); font-size: 30px; font-weight: 500; }
.release-timeline article > p { margin: 0 0 15px; color: var(--ink); font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4; }
.release-timeline dl { margin: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline); }
.release-timeline dl div { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 8px; padding: 6px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline); }
.release-timeline dt, .release-timeline dd { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 9px; }
.release-timeline dd { color: var(--ink); }

.result-section { padding: 48px 0 52px; border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong); }
.result-section:first-of-type { margin-top: 38px; }
.result-section > header { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; justify-content: space-between; gap: 30px; }
.result-section > header span { color: var(--green); font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10px; font-weight: 600; }
.result-section > header h3 { margin: 7px 0 0; font-size: 27px; font-weight: 400; }
.result-section > header > strong { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 24px; font-weight: 500; white-space: nowrap; }
.result-section > p { max-width: 900px; }
.figure-with-notes, .code-result-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.5fr) minmax(245px, 0.6fr); gap: 34px; margin-top: 32px; align-items: start; }
.figure-with-notes figcaption, .code-result-grid figcaption { margin-bottom: 10px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 12px; }
.chart { height: 278px; border: 1px solid var(--hairline); background: var(--figure); }
.chart svg { width: 100%; height: 100%; }
.chart text { fill: var(--muted); font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10px; }
.chart .grid-line { stroke: rgba(12, 12, 12, 0.08); stroke-width: 1; }
.chart .axis-line { stroke: var(--hairline-strong); stroke-width: 1; }
.chart .curve-line { fill: none; stroke: var(--green); stroke-width: 2; }
.chart.strict-curve .curve-line { stroke: var(--blue); }
.chart .curve-point { fill: var(--figure); stroke: var(--green); stroke-width: 2; }
.chart.strict-curve .curve-point { stroke: var(--blue); }
.chart .value-label { fill: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; }
.figure-with-notes dl, .code-result-grid dl { margin: 26px 0 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline); }
.figure-with-notes dl div, .code-result-grid dl div { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 10px; padding: 11px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline); }
.figure-with-notes dt, .figure-with-notes dd, .code-result-grid dt, .code-result-grid dd { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 12px; }
.figure-with-notes dd, .code-result-grid dd { color: var(--ink); text-align: right; }
.scope-note { color: var(--muted) !important; font-size: 13px !important; line-height: 1.45 !important; }

.bar-chart { border: 1px solid var(--hairline); background: var(--figure); }
.bar-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 85px 1fr 65px; gap: 12px; align-items: center; min-height: 74px; padding: 0 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline); font-size: 12px; }
.bar-row:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.bar-track { height: 10px; background: rgba(12, 12, 12, 0.09); }
.bar-fill { height: 100%; background: var(--green); }
.bar-row.off .bar-fill { background: var(--muted); }
.bar-value { text-align: right; font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 13px; }
.efficiency-list { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); margin-top: 32px; border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline); }
.efficiency-item { min-height: 120px; padding: 18px; border-right: 1px solid var(--hairline); }
.efficiency-item:first-child { padding-left: 0; }
.efficiency-item:last-child { border-right: 0; }
.efficiency-item > span, .efficiency-item small { display: block; color: var(--muted); font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.35; }
.efficiency-item strong { display: block; margin: 10px 0 7px; font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 16px; font-weight: 500; }
.efficiency-item small { color: var(--green); font-weight: 600; }
.act-sequence { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 38px 1fr 38px 1fr; align-items: center; margin-top: 30px; }
.act-sequence p { min-height: 105px; margin: 0; padding: 18px; border: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong); background: var(--figure); }
.act-sequence p:nth-of-type(2) { background: var(--blue-soft); }
.act-sequence > b { color: var(--muted); text-align: center; font-weight: 400; }
.act-sequence span, .act-sequence small { display: block; color: var(--rust); font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10px; }
.act-sequence strong { display: block; margin: 8px 0; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 500; }
.act-sequence small { color: var(--muted); }

.comparison-frame { margin-top: 32px; overflow-x: auto; border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong); }
table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; table-layout: fixed; font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 12px; }
th, td { padding: 13px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline); text-align: left; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.4; }
th { color: var(--muted); font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10px; font-weight: 500; }
.comparison-table { min-width: 1000px; }
.comparison-table th:nth-child(1) { width: 165px; }
.comparison-table th:nth-child(2) { width: 205px; }
.comparison-table th:nth-child(3) { width: 210px; }
.comparison-table th:nth-child(4) { width: 255px; }
.comparison-table th:nth-child(5) { width: 165px; }
.comparison-system { display: block; margin-bottom: 5px; font-weight: 600; }
.comparison-date { color: var(--muted); font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 9px; }
.not-comparable { color: var(--rust); font-weight: 600; }
.positioning-columns { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 48px; margin-top: 48px; }
.positioning-columns section { border-top: 2px solid var(--rust); }
.positioning-columns section:last-child { border-top-color: var(--green); }
.positioning-columns h3 { margin-top: 18px; font-size: 22px; }
.positioning-columns ol { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; counter-reset: points; }
.positioning-columns li { counter-increment: points; position: relative; min-height: 58px; padding: 13px 0 13px 38px; color: var(--ink-soft); border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline); font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.45; }
.positioning-columns li::before { content: counter(points, decimal-leading-zero); position: absolute; top: 14px; left: 0; color: var(--ink); font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10px; }
.source-line { color: var(--muted) !important; font-size: 13px !important; }
.source-line a { color: var(--blue); }

footer { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; min-height: 72px; padding: 0 48px; color: var(--muted); border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline); font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10px; }

.video-dialog { width: min(1260px, calc(100vw - 80px)); max-width: none; max-height: calc(100vh - 70px); padding: 0; overflow: hidden; color: var(--ink); border: 1px solid #30322f; border-radius: 4px; background: var(--figure); }
.video-dialog::backdrop { background: rgba(8, 10, 9, 0.78); }
.video-dialog[open] { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.2fr) minmax(370px, 0.8fr); }
.dialog-close { position: absolute; z-index: 3; top: 12px; right: 12px; display: grid; place-items: center; width: 34px; height: 34px; padding: 0; color: #fff; border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72); border-radius: 50%; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.78); cursor: pointer; font-size: 22px; }
.dialog-media { min-width: 0; background: #111; }
.dialog-media video { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 1; max-height: calc(100vh - 205px); object-fit: contain; background: #111; }
.dialog-caption { min-height: 135px; padding: 20px 24px; color: #fff; background: #171917; }
.dialog-caption > span { color: #a9cdb8; font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 9px; }
.dialog-caption h2 { margin: 8px 0 7px; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 400; }
.dialog-caption p { margin: 0; color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72); font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10px; }
.dialog-trace { min-width: 0; overflow: auto; background: #ffffff; }
.dialog-trace header { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 2; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; min-height: 62px; padding: 0 62px 0 22px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline); background: #f3f5f3; }
.dialog-trace header span { color: var(--muted); font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 9px; }
.dialog-trace header strong { color: var(--green); font-size: 10px; }
.dialog-trace header strong.failed { color: var(--rust); }
.dialog-trace-note { margin: 0; padding: 14px 18px; color: var(--muted); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline); font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.45; }
.dialog-trace-note:empty { display: none; }
.dialog-trace ol { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; counter-reset: trace; }
.dialog-trace li { counter-increment: trace; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 35px 1fr 55px; align-items: center; min-height: 48px; padding: 7px 18px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline); font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10px; }
.dialog-trace li::before { content: counter(trace, decimal-leading-zero); color: var(--muted); }
.trace-call small { display: block; margin-top: 4px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 9px; line-height: 1.35; }
.dialog-trace li span:last-child { justify-self: end; color: var(--green); font-weight: 600; }
.dialog-trace li.failed span:last-child { color: var(--rust); }
.dialog-trace li.verdict-step { color: var(--blue); background: var(--blue-soft); }

.sr-only { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); white-space: nowrap; border: 0; }

@media (min-width: 1240px) {
  .article-layout {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(320px, 1fr) minmax(0, min(965px, calc(100% - 640px))) minmax(320px, 1fr);
    width: min(1720px, 100%);
  }
  .article-outline { display: block; grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1; align-self: start; justify-self: end; position: sticky; top: 118px; width: 176px; margin-right: clamp(64px, 6vw, 160px); padding-left: 14px; border-left: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong); }
  .article-outline > strong { display: block; margin-bottom: 17px; color: var(--muted); font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10px; font-weight: 600; text-transform: uppercase; }
  .article-outline nav { display: grid; }
  .article-outline a { position: relative; padding: 7px 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.3; text-decoration: none; }
  .article-outline a::before { content: ""; position: absolute; top: 50%; left: -15px; width: 1px; height: 0; background: var(--ink); transition: height 160ms; transform: translateY(-50%); }
  .article-outline a:hover, .article-outline a:focus-visible, .article-outline a[aria-current="true"] { color: var(--ink); outline: none; }
  .article-outline a:hover::before, .article-outline a:focus-visible::before, .article-outline a[aria-current="true"]::before { height: 18px; }
  .article-shell { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1; width: min(965px, 100%); }
  .article-margin { display: block; grid-column: 3; grid-row: 1; width: 264px; margin-left: 56px; }
  .article-sidenote { position: absolute; top: 5px; left: calc(100% + 56px); width: 264px; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 18px; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong); }
  .article-sidenote--fixed { position: relative; top: 0; left: auto; width: 264px; margin: 0; }
  .plus-figure, .dynamics-figure, .comparison-frame { width: min(1000px, calc(100% + 320px)); }
}

@media (max-width: 1239px) {
  .article-body { padding-right: 32px; padding-left: 32px; }
  .headline-facts, .measure-list, .release-timeline, .efficiency-list, .robotwin-facts { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .headline-facts p:nth-child(2), .measure-list p:nth-child(2), .release-timeline article:nth-child(2), .efficiency-item:nth-child(2) { border-right: 0; }
  .headline-facts p:nth-child(-n+2), .measure-list p:nth-child(-n+2), .release-timeline article:nth-child(-n+2), .efficiency-item:nth-child(-n+2) { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline); }
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .article-hero { height: auto; min-height: 0; background: var(--paper); }
  .article-hero__sticky { height: auto; padding: 24px 16px 0; overflow: visible; }
  .article-hero__video { position: static; width: 100%; height: auto; object-fit: contain; }
  .scroll-cue { display: none; }
  .article-body { padding: 46px 20px 76px; }
  .article-title-block h1 { font-size: 40px; }
  .article-deck, .paper-section p { font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.55; }
  .paper-section h2 { font-size: 31px; }
  .headline-facts, .demo-claims, .measure-list, .release-timeline, .efficiency-list, .dynamics-claims, .robotwin-facts, .compact-cases, .before-after-grid, .robotwin-cases, .positioning-columns { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .demo-claims p { padding-left: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline); }
  .demo-claims p:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
  .headline-facts p, .measure-list p, .release-timeline article, .efficiency-item { padding-left: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline); }
  .case-figure, .case-figure--reverse { display: block; }
  .case-figure--reverse .case-media, .case-figure--reverse figcaption { grid-column: auto; grid-row: auto; }
  .case-figure figcaption { margin-top: 14px; }
  .role-flow { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 10px; }
  .role-flow > b { transform: rotate(90deg); }
  .execution-rail { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .execution-rail > span:nth-child(2) { border-right: 0; }
  .execution-rail > span:nth-child(-n+2) { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline); }
  .host-verdict, .result-equation, .figure-with-notes, .code-result-grid, .act-sequence { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 10px; }
  .result-equation > b, .act-sequence > b { transform: rotate(90deg); }
  .result-equation > div { padding-left: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline); }
  .host-verdict { padding: 18px; }
  .video-dialog { width: calc(100vw - 28px); max-height: calc(100vh - 28px); }
  .video-dialog[open] { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .dialog-trace { max-height: 34vh; }
  footer { align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; padding: 20px; }
}

/* Research Preview editorial refresh, inspired by long-form robotics reports. */
:root {
  --paper: #fdfcf8;
  --figure: #f2f8fa;
  --ink: #142735;
  --ink-soft: rgba(20, 39, 53, 0.76);
  --muted: rgba(20, 39, 53, 0.56);
  --hairline: rgba(20, 39, 53, 0.14);
  --hairline-strong: rgba(20, 39, 53, 0.26);
  --accent-blue: #087fc3;
  --accent-blue-soft: #eaf7fc;
  --green: #277a57;
  --green-soft: #e6f2eb;
  --rust: #a14e36;
  --rust-soft: #f5e9e4;
  --blue: #087fc3;
  --blue-soft: #eaf7fc;
  --sans: "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", Inter, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
}

html[lang="en"] {
  --sans: Inter, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
}

html {
  overflow-x: clip;
}

body {
  overflow-x: hidden;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper);
  font-family: var(--sans);
}

h1, h2, h3, .site-brand__name, .hero-thesis, .article-deck,
.case-figure figcaption strong, .result-section > header h3 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
}

.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  z-index: 40;
  top: 0;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 72px;
  padding: 0 38px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  background: rgba(253, 252, 248, 0.96);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
}

.site-brand {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 10px;
  justify-self: start;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.site-brand__name {
  font-size: 24px;
  line-height: 1;
}

.site-brand__lab {
  color: var(--accent-blue);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.site-navigation {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 34px;
  justify-self: center;
}

.site-navigation a {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.site-navigation a:hover,
.site-navigation a:focus-visible {
  color: var(--accent-blue);
  outline: none;
}

.language-switch {
  position: static;
  display: flex;
  grid-template-columns: none;
  gap: 0;
  justify-self: end;
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  background: transparent;
}

.language-switch a {
  display: block;
  min-width: 46px;
  padding: 8px 10px;
  color: var(--muted);
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 10px;
}

.language-switch a + a {
  border-left: 0;
}

.language-switch a[aria-current="page"] {
  color: var(--ink);
  border-bottom-color: var(--accent-blue);
  background: transparent;
}

.article-hero {
  height: calc(100svh - 120px);
  min-height: 720px;
  max-height: 880px;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: #dce7e8;
}

.article-hero__video {
  filter: saturate(0.78) contrast(0.94);
}

.hero-wash {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: rgba(253, 252, 248, 0.73);
}

.hero-content {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 2;
  top: 78px;
  left: max(64px, calc((100vw - 1240px) / 2));
  width: min(940px, calc(100vw - 128px));
}

.hero-index,
.hero-media-label {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--accent-blue);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.hero-wordmark {
  margin: 56px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 132px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 0.82;
}

.hero-thesis {
  max-width: 920px;
  margin: 42px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 52px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.02;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.hero-summary {
  max-width: 690px;
  margin: 30px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.62;
}

.hero-meta {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  max-width: 830px;
  margin-top: 48px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong);
}

.hero-meta span {
  min-height: 56px;
  padding: 19px 20px 16px;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  border-right: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.hero-meta span:first-child {
  padding-left: 0;
}

.hero-meta span:last-child {
  border-right: 0;
}

.hero-media-label {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 2;
  right: 42px;
  bottom: 34px;
  color: rgba(20, 39, 53, 0.68);
}

.scroll-cue {
  right: auto;
  bottom: 31px;
  left: max(64px, calc((100vw - 1240px) / 2));
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  transform: none;
}

.scroll-cue::after {
  width: 34px;
  height: 1px;
  margin: 10px 0 0;
  background: var(--ink);
}

.article-body {
  padding: 104px 48px 150px;
  background: var(--paper);
}

.article-layout {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1040px);
  width: min(1600px, 100%);
}

.article-shell {
  width: min(1040px, 100%);
}

.article-title-block {
  margin-bottom: 120px;
  padding: 20px 0 58px;
}

.article-kicker,
.section-number,
.figure-label {
  color: var(--accent-blue);
  font-size: 11px;
}

.article-title-block h2 {
  max-width: 1000px;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 72px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 0.98;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

html[lang="zh-CN"] .article-title-block h2 {
  font-size: 62px;
  line-height: 1.14;
}

.article-deck {
  max-width: 850px;
  margin-top: 34px;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 27px;
  line-height: 1.42;
}

.article-links {
  gap: 30px;
  margin-top: 34px;
}

.article-links a {
  padding: 8px 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  border: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong);
  border-radius: 0;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.article-links a:hover,
.article-links a:focus-visible {
  color: var(--accent-blue);
  border-color: var(--accent-blue);
  background: transparent;
}

.paper-section {
  position: relative;
  padding-bottom: 112px;
  scroll-margin-top: 98px;
}

.paper-section + .paper-section {
  padding-top: 100px;
}

.paper-section h2 {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin-bottom: 38px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 48px;
  line-height: 1.04;
}

.paper-section h3 {
  margin-top: 62px;
  font-size: 30px;
}

.paper-section p {
  max-width: 790px;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.68;
}

.abstract-section > h2 {
  font-size: 24px;
  font-style: italic;
}

.chapter-section {
  isolation: isolate;
  margin-top: 115px;
  padding-top: 112px !important;
}

.chapter-section::before {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: -1;
  top: 0;
  left: 50%;
  width: 100vw;
  height: 382px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(8, 127, 195, 0.16);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(8, 127, 195, 0.16);
  background: var(--accent-blue-soft);
  content: "";
  transform: translateX(-50%);
}

.chapter-section > .section-number {
  margin-bottom: 26px;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.chapter-section > h2 {
  max-width: 930px;
  margin-bottom: 44px;
  font-size: 70px;
  line-height: 0.98;
}

html[lang="zh-CN"] .chapter-section > h2 {
  font-size: 58px;
  line-height: 1.12;
}

.chapter-section > .sidenote-row {
  min-height: 112px;
}

.chapter-section > .system-figure,
.chapter-section > .case-study-list,
.chapter-section > .result-equation,
.chapter-section > .result-section:first-of-type,
.chapter-section > .comparison-frame {
  margin-top: 104px;
}

.article-sidenote {
  border-color: rgba(8, 127, 195, 0.28);
}

.article-sidenote strong {
  color: var(--accent-blue);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.article-sidenote p {
  font-size: 13px;
}

.headline-facts,
.demo-claims,
.measure-list,
.result-equation,
.release-timeline,
.efficiency-list,
.dynamics-claims,
.robotwin-facts {
  background: transparent;
}

.headline-facts strong,
.demo-claims strong,
.measure-list strong,
.result-section > header > strong {
  color: var(--accent-blue);
}

.demo-section > h2 {
  font-size: 58px;
}

.demo-figure {
  width: min(1160px, calc(100% + 160px));
  margin-top: 54px;
  margin-left: max(-80px, calc((100% - 1160px) / 2));
}

.demo-figure video {
  border: 0;
  background: #0f1518;
}

.system-figure {
  padding: 34px;
  border-color: rgba(8, 127, 195, 0.25);
  border-radius: 0;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.76);
}

.role-flow > div,
.execution-rail,
.host-verdict,
.act-sequence p,
.chart,
.bar-chart {
  border-radius: 0;
}

.case-study-list {
  gap: 58px;
}

.case-media {
  border: 0;
  background: #11181c;
}

.case-figure {
  gap: 34px;
}

.case-figure figcaption span {
  color: var(--accent-blue);
}

.trace-open {
  border-radius: 0;
}

.paper-figure img {
  border: 0;
}

.result-section {
  padding: 70px 0 76px;
}

.result-section > header {
  align-items: flex-end;
  padding-bottom: 24px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline-strong);
}

.result-section > header span {
  color: var(--accent-blue);
}

.result-section > header h3 {
  font-size: 34px;
}

.comparison-frame {
  width: min(1160px, calc(100% + 160px));
  margin-left: max(-80px, calc((100% - 1160px) / 2));
}

.plus-figure,
.dynamics-figure {
  width: min(1160px, calc(100% + 160px));
  margin-left: max(-80px, calc((100% - 1160px) / 2));
}

.source-line {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  padding-top: 20px;
}

footer {
  min-height: 110px;
  padding: 0 54px;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  background: var(--accent-blue-soft);
}

@media (min-width: 1440px) {
  .article-layout {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(180px, 1fr) minmax(0, 900px) minmax(180px, 1fr);
    width: min(1360px, 100%);
  }

  .article-outline {
    top: 112px;
    width: 170px;
    margin-right: 36px;
    border-left-color: rgba(8, 127, 195, 0.28);
  }

  .article-outline > strong {
    color: var(--accent-blue);
  }

  .article-outline a {
    padding: 8px 0;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 13px;
  }

  .article-outline a::before {
    background: var(--accent-blue);
  }

  .article-shell {
    width: min(900px, 100%);
  }

  .article-margin {
    width: 180px;
    margin-left: 32px;
  }

  .article-sidenote {
    left: calc(100% + 32px);
    width: 180px;
  }

  .article-margin .article-sidenote--fixed {
    position: sticky;
    top: 112px;
    left: auto;
    width: 100%;
    margin: 0;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 1600px) {
  .article-layout {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(210px, 1fr) minmax(0, 1040px) minmax(230px, 1fr);
    width: min(1540px, 100%);
  }

  .article-outline {
    width: 200px;
    margin-right: 50px;
  }

  .article-shell {
    width: min(1040px, 100%);
  }

  .article-margin {
    width: 220px;
    margin-left: 40px;
  }

  .article-sidenote {
    left: calc(100% + 40px);
    width: 220px;
  }

  .article-margin .article-sidenote--fixed {
    left: auto;
    width: 100%;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 1240px) and (max-width: 1439px) {
  .article-layout {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1040px);
    justify-content: center;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .article-outline,
  .article-margin {
    display: none;
  }

  .article-shell {
    grid-column: 1;
    width: min(1040px, 100%);
  }

  .article-sidenote {
    position: relative;
    top: auto;
    left: auto;
    width: 100%;
    margin-top: 26px;
    padding: 18px 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline);
    border-left: 0;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .site-header {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
    min-height: 60px;
    padding: 0 18px;
  }

  .site-navigation {
    display: none;
  }

  .article-hero {
    height: 760px;
    min-height: 760px;
  }

  .hero-content {
    top: 56px;
    left: 24px;
    width: calc(100vw - 48px);
  }

  .hero-wordmark {
    margin-top: 40px;
    font-size: 82px;
  }

  .hero-thesis {
    font-size: 38px;
  }

  .hero-meta {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .hero-meta span {
    min-height: 42px;
    padding-left: 0;
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  }

  .hero-media-label {
    display: none;
  }

  .article-body {
    padding: 70px 22px 100px;
  }

  .article-title-block h2,
  html[lang="zh-CN"] .article-title-block h2 {
    font-size: 46px;
  }

  .article-deck {
    font-size: 22px;
  }

  .chapter-section > h2,
  html[lang="zh-CN"] .chapter-section > h2 {
    font-size: 46px;
  }

  .demo-figure,
  .comparison-frame {
    width: 100%;
    margin-left: 0;
  }
}